Pesquisa norte-americana se aproxima de cura para a diabetes
Cientistas conseguiram criar células produtoras de insulina a partir de células-tronco
Saiba mais...
Os dias de injeções de
insulina para pessoas com Diabetes Tipo 1 podem estar próximos do fim.
Cientistas norte-americanos da Universidade de Harvard garantem estar “à
um passo pré-clínico de distância” da cura da doença. A partir de
células-tronco, o grupo conseguiu desenvolver células beta -
responsáveis pela produção de insulina no organismo - em quantidade
suficiente para realizar transplantes de células ou para fins
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Ao contrário da diabetes Tipo 2, em que as condições desfavoráveis criadas por nós facilitam o aparecimento da doença, a Tipo 1 se desenvolve, na maior parte da vezes, durante a infância e é caracterizada pela destruição das células beta do pâncreas.
Essa não é a primeira tentativa de recriar esse tipo de célula a partir de células-tronco. Também nos Estados Unidos, uma equipe dos Institutos Gladstone, na Universidade da Califórnia em São Francisco, testou uma técnica que se mostrou capaz de repor as células destruídas pelo diabetes. O experimento foi aplicado em ratos e publicado no início deste ano.
Contudo, o doutor Doug Melton, que conduziu os estudos em Harvard, insiste que nenhum outro grupo conseguiu produzir células beta maduras adequadas para o uso em humanos. “A maior dificuldade tem sido alcançar a sensibilidade à glicose, células secretoras de insulina, e foi isso o que nosso grupo fez”, explica.
A técnica desenvolvida por Melton já foi testada em camundongos diabéticos e as células geradas em laboratório funcionaram normalmente e praticamente curaram os animais da doença. “Nós demos às células três desafios com glicose em camundongos separadamente e elas responderam apropriadamente. Isso foi muito empolgante”, conta.
Novos testes estão sendo feitos em macacos e ainda não há previsão para testar a possibilidade em humanos, o cientista espera, contudo, que em poucos anos o transplante já esteja disponível para portadores da doença.
Entenda
A insulina é o hormônio utilizado pelo corpo para promover a entrada de glicose nas células. Essa, por sua vez, é a composição formada pela digestão dos açúcares no organismo. Após o contato com a insulina, a glicose é absorvida pelo sangue e usada como energia pelos tecidos. Daí, a importância dela para o funcionamento do corpo.
No Tipo 1, a produção de insulina é insuficiente, pois as células sofrem destruição autoimune. Por isso, os pacientes precisam de injeções diárias de insulina mimetizada para suprir essa carência.
Já a diabetes Tipo 2 está relacionada à obesidade, maus hábitos alimentares, sedentarismo e estresse. Apesar de ter sido por muito tempo ligada à pacientes obesos acima dos 40 anos, ela é cada vez mais identificada em jovens. Os pacientes produzem insulina, mas a ação da substância é dificultada. Isso causa resistência insulínica, que ocasiona a hiperglicemia.
American research approaches cure for diabetes
Scientists managed to create insulin-producing cells from stem cells
Increase Font Decrease Font Print Send News Fix
Gabriella Pacheco - Full Health Published: 10/14/2014 09: 00Atualização: 14.10.2014 09:57
(Karlos Geromy / OIMP / D.A Press)
Learn more ...
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The days of insulin injections for people with Type 1 diabetes may be near the end. American scientists at Harvard guarantee be in "a preclinical step away" from curing the disease. From stem cells, the group managed to develop beta cells - responsible for producing insulin in the body - enough to perform transplants of cells or amount for pharmaceutical purposes.
Unlike Type 2 diabetes, in which the unfavorable conditions created by us facilitate the onset of the disease, Type 1 develops in the majority of times during childhood and is characterized by the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas.
This is not the first attempt to recreate this type of cell from stem cells. In the United States, a team of the Gladstone Institutes at the University of California at San Francisco, has tested a technique that has proved capable of replacing the cells destroyed by diabetes. The experiment was administered to rats and published earlier this year.
However, Dr. Doug Melton, who conducted studies at Harvard, insists that no other group could produce mature beta cells suitable for use in humans. "The greatest difficulty has been to achieve glucose sensitivity, insulin-secreting cells, and that's what our group did," he explains.
The technique developed by Melton has been tested in diabetic mice and the cells functioned normally generated in laboratory animals and virtually cured of the disease. "We gave three challenges to the cells with glucose in mice separately and they responded appropriately. That was very exciting, "he says.
New tests are being done on monkeys and still no possibility to test the prediction in humans, the scientist hopes, however, that in a few years the transplantation is available to sufferers.
understand
Insulin is the hormone used by the body to promote uptake of glucose into cells. This, in turn, is the composition formed by the digestion of sugar in the body. After contact with insulin, glucose is absorbed into the blood and used as energy by the tissues. Hence, it important for the functioning of the body.
In Type 1, insulin production is inadequate because the cells are autoimmune destruction. Therefore, patients need daily insulin injections mimicked to meet this need.
Have Type 2 diabetes is related to obesity, poor eating habits, sedentary lifestyle and stress. Despite having long been linked to over 40 obese patients, it is increasingly being diagnosed in young people. Patients produce insulin, but the action of the substance is hampered. This causes insulin resistance, which causes hyperglycemia.
Scientists managed to create insulin-producing cells from stem cells
Increase Font Decrease Font Print Send News Fix
Gabriella Pacheco - Full Health Published: 10/14/2014 09: 00Atualização: 14.10.2014 09:57
(Karlos Geromy / OIMP / D.A Press)
Learn more ...
Diabetes already affects one million children in Brazil
Growing rate of people with diabetes in Brazil; rate remains hypertensive
Gene therapy can be customized treatment option for type 1 diabetes
Full report in Health on diabetes wins national award
Stem cells may be able to reverse diabetes box
Although not a new disease, diabetes is surrounded by myths
The days of insulin injections for people with Type 1 diabetes may be near the end. American scientists at Harvard guarantee be in "a preclinical step away" from curing the disease. From stem cells, the group managed to develop beta cells - responsible for producing insulin in the body - enough to perform transplants of cells or amount for pharmaceutical purposes.
Unlike Type 2 diabetes, in which the unfavorable conditions created by us facilitate the onset of the disease, Type 1 develops in the majority of times during childhood and is characterized by the destruction of beta cells in the pancreas.
This is not the first attempt to recreate this type of cell from stem cells. In the United States, a team of the Gladstone Institutes at the University of California at San Francisco, has tested a technique that has proved capable of replacing the cells destroyed by diabetes. The experiment was administered to rats and published earlier this year.
However, Dr. Doug Melton, who conducted studies at Harvard, insists that no other group could produce mature beta cells suitable for use in humans. "The greatest difficulty has been to achieve glucose sensitivity, insulin-secreting cells, and that's what our group did," he explains.
The technique developed by Melton has been tested in diabetic mice and the cells functioned normally generated in laboratory animals and virtually cured of the disease. "We gave three challenges to the cells with glucose in mice separately and they responded appropriately. That was very exciting, "he says.
New tests are being done on monkeys and still no possibility to test the prediction in humans, the scientist hopes, however, that in a few years the transplantation is available to sufferers.
understand
Insulin is the hormone used by the body to promote uptake of glucose into cells. This, in turn, is the composition formed by the digestion of sugar in the body. After contact with insulin, glucose is absorbed into the blood and used as energy by the tissues. Hence, it important for the functioning of the body.
In Type 1, insulin production is inadequate because the cells are autoimmune destruction. Therefore, patients need daily insulin injections mimicked to meet this need.
Have Type 2 diabetes is related to obesity, poor eating habits, sedentary lifestyle and stress. Despite having long been linked to over 40 obese patients, it is increasingly being diagnosed in young people. Patients produce insulin, but the action of the substance is hampered. This causes insulin resistance, which causes hyperglycemia.
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